Errors

The DT 182 multimeter incorrectly measures the voltage.

Multimeter is a tool used to verify permanent or aC voltage, resistance or continuity of current in the chain. Consider 3 ways how to use a multimeter for dummies to find out if there is a current in the local electrical network.

Multimeter structure

Before starting work, it is necessary to study the components of the device, because The instruction is not always attached, we prepared their description:

Dial: Has arcuate scales visible through a glass or plastic display. The index on the display shows the values \u200b\u200bon the scale. If you are a digital multimeter (MASTECH MAS838, MS8230B, M890D, DT700D, DT 9202A, 59002, MAS830, MY64), then its dial will be replaced by ice-display.
Pointer or arrow: This is a thin black needle on the leftmost position in the dial window, designed to read the measured data on the arrow devices - YX 360TRN, PMM 600, SUNWA YX 1000A, M83. Before using the arrow multimeter, be sure to read the instructions, especially the section "division values".
Switch or button: allows you to change the functions (voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter) and zoom (x1, x10, etc.) counter. Many functions have several ranges, as in touch switches. It is important to have a complete set of modes of operation. Most meters use a handle of this type, as shown in the picture, but there are others. Regardless of this, they work similarly. Some meters are equipped with the "Off" position, which serves as a switch, while others have a separate button to turn on the device. The meter must be set to "Off" when stored.
Vnets or holes in the housing to insert probe. Most multimeters have several nests. One, as a rule, with the protrusion of COM or (-) for the general and negative. To connect black probe. Another connector is marked with V (+) and OMEGA symbol for volts and OM, respectively, and positive charges. + and - symbols represent the polarity of the probe, when installing and testing the magnitude direct current. If the measuring wires are installed in accordance with the instructions, the red wire will be positive, and the black is negative. Many devices have additional connectors that are required for high-voltage tests.
Test wires with ticks: With the tester there are 2 wires: one black and red.
Coupling for batteries and fuses: usually on the reverse side. Fully charged batteries will be necessary for resistance and continuity of testing.
Zero adjustment: This small button is usually located near the set, which is called OM ADJUST, 0 ADJ, or in the same way. Used only in an ohmmeter mode or measuring the resistance range, while the sensors are closed, for example, to install a boiler thermostat.

Video Overview of Multimeter

Using a multimeter for measuring resistance

Many do not know how to use a multimeter to measure resistance, and this is its main function, which will be especially useful if you need to install electrical wiring in an apartment or house. Set the multimeter to the OM indicator by turning the handle to the corresponding indicator (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Measurement of resistance by multimeter

Pay attention to the meter readings. If the measuring wires are not in contact with any object, a pointer needle or an analog tester meter will be deviated to the left side, when working with a digital machine - the value will be "jumping" to the biggest. This is an infinite amount of resistance, or "cliff", but also means that there is no connection path between black and red probes.

Connect the black probe to the -com connector (Figure 2)
Connect the red probe to the nest marked OMEGA (symbol indicating OM) or the letter "R" or "P" next to it (Figure 3)
Set the range (if available) in R x 100 (Figure 4)
Keep the probes of measuring wires together. The appliance arrow must switch to the right side of the dial. Find the "zero settings" and rotate the handle so that the meter shown 0 (or as close as possible to 0, as far as possible) (Figure 5)

Figure 2. Connect black probe on -com

Figure 3. Connecting a red probe on the letter P (+) multimeter

Figure 4. Setting the range at the multimeter

Figure 5. Setting the zero at the multimeter

Please note that this position is called "short circuit" or "Ohm on zero" by the indication for this range - 1 R X. Om Figure 6

Figure 6. Ohm on zero multimeter

Replace batteries (if necessary). If the melometer does not show 0 - it may mean that the batteries are discharged and must be replaced.

Using a multimeter for voltage measurement (volt)

Set the meter at the highest range provided for volts of alternating current. It is not yet known how voltage will be the greatest, so that the device does not damage install the indicator to the maximum.

Insert the black dipstick into the COM hole or -. Volt Figure 1.
Insert the red probe into the V or + hole. Volt Figure 2.
Turn the meter knob to the desired mode (DCV or ACV) (Figure 3). The maximum value of the scale must coincide with the handle range selector. Voltage indicators are linear. Decision accuracy to 0.001 (Figure 4)
Check out the overall electrical outlet.
Insert the black wire into one of the holes of the installed outlet, red to another. Remove the wires from the outlet, and check the switch knob to the lowest range. Volt Figure 5.
If the pointer did not move, it is likely that the DC mode was selected instead of alternating. The fact is that this error may be fatal, especially if the measurement is carried out to change the wiring in the apartment, so it is better to check the voltage in both modes.

Figure 3. Select voltage measurement mode in multimeter

Figure 4. Installing ACV Range in Multimeter

Figure 5. Measurement of voltage in a socket Multimeter

Multimeter ammeter mode

How to properly use a multimeter DT 832, DT 838, DT 830B, DT9205A in voltage measurement mode? This is not difficult to learn. Set the meter at the highest variable or direct current indicator if the AMP range is supported.

Note that most multimeters will only measure a very small amount of current in the ICA and MA bands. These are current values \u200b\u200bthat pass only in the thinnest electronic circuits, and thousands (and even millions) times less than values \u200b\u200bin any home electrical network. For example, for a conventional light bulb 100W / 120V emergency lighting, 0.833 amps are required.

Insert the black probe in som or -.
Insert the red probe in -. Turn off the power of the circuit, disconnect the separation transformer.
The ammeter is located sequentially with a circuit for measuring the current force. Polarity must be observed. The current flows from the positive side to the negative. Set the current range to the greatest indicator (Figure 1)
Power and adjust the data range to a decrease. Do not exceed the range of the flow meter, otherwise it may be damaged. The reading of about 2 mA should be indicated, since the Ohm law I \u003d V / R \u003d (9 volts) / (4700 Ω) \u003d 0.00191 \u003d 1.91 amplifiers Ma.

Figure 1. Setting the current range

Some important nuances:

If the multimeter stops working, check the fuse. In some cases, it is necessary to use overhead terminals (Figure 2)
Never connect the device through the battery voltage source or if it is set to measure the current force (amp).
It is important not only to be able to use the device, but also choose high-quality devices. Test the device immediately during the purchase!
In addition to theoretical knowledge, we offer to get practical skills and watch video, how to use the multimeter of the arrogant and analog digital series DIGITAL - DT 830B, DT 181, DT9208A, DT 182.

Figure 2. Overhead terminals in the multimeter

Multimeter is a tool used to check for direct or alternating voltage, resistance or continuity of current in the chain. Consider 3 ways how to use a multimeter for dummies to find out if there is a current in the local electrical network.

Multimeter structure

Before starting work, it is necessary to study the components of the device, because The instruction is not always attached, we prepared their description:

Dial: Has arcuate scales visible through a glass or plastic display. The index on the display shows the values \u200b\u200bon the scale. If you are a digital multimeter (MASTECH MAS838, MS8230B, M890D, DT700D, DT 9202A, 59002, MAS830, MY64), then its dial will be replaced by ice-display.
Pointer or arrow: This is a thin black needle on the leftmost position in the dial window, designed to read the measured data on the arrow devices - YX 360TRN, PMM 600, SUNWA YX 1000A, M83. Before using the arrow multimeter, be sure to read the instructions, especially the section "division values".
Switch or button: allows you to change the functions (voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter) and zoom (x1, x10, etc.) counter. Many functions have several ranges, as in touch switches. It is important to have a complete set of modes of operation. Most meters use a handle of this type, as shown in the picture, but there are others. Regardless of this, they work similarly. Some meters are equipped with the "Off" position, which serves as a switch, while others have a separate button to turn on the device. The meter must be set to "Off" when stored.
Vnets or holes in the housing to insert probe. Most multimeters have several nests. One, as a rule, with the protrusion of COM or (-) for the general and negative. To connect black probe. Another connector is marked with V (+) and OMEGA symbol for volts and OM, respectively, and positive charges. + and - symbols represent the polarity of the probe when installing and testing the validity of the DC. If the measuring wires are installed in accordance with the instructions, the red wire will be positive, and the black is negative. Many devices have additional connectors that are required for high-voltage tests.
Test wires with ticks: With the tester there are 2 wires: one black and red.
Coupling for batteries and fuses: usually on the reverse side. Fully charged batteries will be necessary for resistance and continuity of testing.
Zero adjustment: This small button is usually located near the set, which is called OM ADJUST, 0 ADJ, or in the same way. Used only in an ohmmeter mode or measuring the resistance range, while the sensors are closed, for example, to install a boiler thermostat.

Video Overview of Multimeter

Using a multimeter for measuring resistance

Figure 1. Measurement of resistance by multimeter

Connect the black probe to the -com connector (Figure 2)
Connect the red probe to the nest marked OMEGA (symbol indicating OM) or the letter "R" or "P" next to it (Figure 3)
Set the range (if available) in R x 100 (Figure 4)
Keep the probes of measuring wires together. The appliance arrow must switch to the right side of the dial. Find the "zero settings" and rotate the handle so that the meter shown 0 (or as close as possible to 0, as far as possible) (Figure 5)

Figure 2. Connect black probe on -com

Figure 3. Connecting a red probe on the letter P (+) multimeter

Figure 4. Setting the range at the multimeter

Figure 5. Setting the zero at the multimeter

Please note that this position is called "short circuit" or "Ohm on zero" by the indication for this range - 1 R X. Om Figure 6

Figure 6. Ohm on zero multimeter

Replace batteries (if necessary). If the melometer does not show 0 - it may mean that the batteries are discharged and must be replaced.

Using a multimeter for voltage measurement (volt)

Insert the black dipstick into the COM hole or -. Volt Figure 1.
Insert the red probe into the V or + hole. Volt Figure 2.
Turn the meter knob to the desired mode (DCV or ACV) (Figure 3). The maximum value of the scale must coincide with the handle range selector. Voltage indicators are linear. Decision accuracy to 0.001 (Figure 4)
Check out the overall electrical outlet.
Insert the black wire into one of the holes of the installed outlet, red to another. Remove the wires from the outlet, and check the switch knob to the lowest range. Volt Figure 5.
If the pointer did not move, it is likely that the DC mode was selected instead of alternating. The fact is that this error may be fatal, especially if the measurement is carried out to change the wiring in the apartment, so it is better to check the voltage in both modes.

Figure 3. Select voltage measurement mode in multimeter

Figure 4. Installing ACV Range in Multimeter

Figure 5. Measurement of voltage in a socket Multimeter

Multimeter ammeter mode

Note that most multimeters will only measure a very small amount of current in the ICA and MA bands. These are current values \u200b\u200bthat pass only in the most subtle electronic circuits, and thousands (and even millions) times less than values \u200b\u200bin any home electrical network. For example, for a conventional light bulb 100W / 120V emergency lighting, 0.833 amps are required.

Insert the black probe in som or -.
Insert the red probe in -. Turn off the power of the circuit, disconnect the separation transformer.
The ammeter is located sequentially with a circuit for measuring the current force. Polarity must be observed. The current flows from the positive side to the negative. Set the current range to the greatest indicator (Figure 1)
Power and adjust the data range to a decrease. Do not exceed the range of the flow meter, otherwise it may be damaged. The reading of about 2 mA should be indicated, since the Ohm law I \u003d V / R \u003d (9 volts) / (4700 Ω) \u003d 0.00191 \u003d 1.91 amplifiers Ma.

Figure 1. Setting the current range

Some important nuances:

If the multimeter stops working, check the fuse. In some cases, it is necessary to use overhead terminals (Figure 2)
Never connect the device through the battery voltage source or if it is set to measure the current force (amp).
It is important not only to be able to use the device, but also choose high-quality devices. Test the device immediately during the purchase!
In addition to theoretical knowledge, we offer to get practical skills and watch video, how to use the multimeter of the arrogant and analog digital series DIGITAL - DT 830B, DT 181, DT9208A, DT 182.

Figure 2. Overhead terminals in the multimeter

DT182 is a small multimeter with dimensions of 100x50x20 mm, very user-friendly for measurements in the field. Such multimeters are not protected from damage when the voltage is applied to the input in the resistance measurement mode. At the same time, the conductive layer is burning in low-component resistors of the melomemmeter divisor, and their nominations remain unknown. Probustin failure of the ADC IC. It is often performed on inapproprous technology. Even with the presence of contact pads, it is extremely difficult to find a suitable analog for replacement. The multimeter remains only to throw.

Sometimes the device itself is not so much expensive as its absence. To repair such devices, it is not necessary to know their scheme, sufficiently after purchasing the device to remove the back cover of the housing, to draw the location of all the elements on a sheet of paper and put their nominations (Fig. 1). The sheet with the layout and the rates of parts are advisable to glue the back cover of the multimeter.

In the devices of the M-93, DT92XX series and others, in case of failure, the ICL7106 in the DIP-housing can be replaced by the ICL7106 in the DIP-housing, which can be glued at a free board and solder with the available PEV-0.1 winding wire. Figure 3 shows the compliance of the conclusions of these microcircuits.

To monitor the supply voltage, it is necessary to remove the wire from the negative pole of the battery to the hidden head bolt on the instrument housing. When you connect to this contact of your own probe "V; OHM" The device at the limit "20 V" on the indicator will appear the value of the battery voltage than 3 in the internal stabilizer, i.e. With the supply voltage of DT182 12 in readings -9 V. It is allowed to reduce the supply voltage to -7 V, the instrument readings to -4 V.

After completing the finalization or repair of the multimeter, the board from the location of the elements can be covered with varnish. In order to avoid varnish on the contact surface of the mode switch and limits, the lacquer should be dried by placing the device with elements down.

Publication date:15.02.2008

Opinions of readers

bratmena / 19.02.2019 - 05:04
Friends! Is it possible to do this trimming DT-182 to make the current strength up to 10amper (this function is in the previous DT-181 model)? Looking on the Internet - I did not find it. This is a very necessary function, and it is not clear why she was removed in this model (he would have known that he could not measure it - would not buy this product).
Ayrat Nurayev / 06/29/2018 - 15:43
There was such a malfunction - stopped off in the "Off" position. The malfunctional analysis showed that unauthorized jumpers were formed on the switch paths in 3-places, apparently, a soft metal tracks under the pressure of the switch contacts was erased and accumulated between the tracks. Removed them with a needle and everything was normal. Moreover, it became turned off after removing two jumpers, the third simply was constantly lit the average segment, turning "0" in "8".
victor / 07.21.2017 - 11:08
please tell me. The instrument shows the low voltage, for example, I measure the 12V battery and on the display 0.38V. And with a change also. Ommeter and ammeter is normal, the transvelon is also. I can never use it wrong. After opening, I found a resistor R23 1st suspiciously dark, fell changed everything cleaned, rubbed, but did not help. Thank you.
Dmitry / 04.11.2016 - 09:41
DT182 bought because of a small size. Everything works, but diodes and transistors on the diodes are uncomplicated. The battery did not help. Details without external damage. I can understand why the zero works on the closure of the probe, and the diodes and transistors will show the diodes and transistors again. One. Maybe it came across anyone who help figure out. Formerly thanks.
Valery / 29.10.2016 - 00:39
DT182 disassembled a fee (wash, clean the contacts, the switch lamellae flies. The question of the seats for lamellast 6 I turned out to be 5. How many lamellae should be for the switch operating mode switch?
Gregory / 13.10.2016 - 22:39
And my DT-182 scheme does not match your scheme at all. Maybe advise how to modify my DT-182? http://fastpic.ru/view/82/2016/1013/c6641d3f4ab309abd011f89660d5a76f.jpg.html
Vlad / 05.23.2016 - 16:01
And who will tell how the following is treated: the device is lying in the testimony, does it show -0.37 at position 20v?
dGC-24 / 03/10/2016 - 14:18
thank you helped
/ 29.09.2015 - 19:45
andre / 09/25/2015 - 06:22
the article is intelligent, read. Recently, the cartoon is also burning - a pair of resistors burned down - one of them on the 900 ohm second sort of 1 to. 900 ohm replaced by 1.1 to. Everything worked. Shogog - I squeeze the resistance on the switch under voltage (the contacts nicknamed). By the way. on old multimeters - it does not burn out - this is current on fresh Chinese, everything is lit, since I always called the old multimeter M830B Masteh - and I never fastened anything, and here the old lost, bought a new IEK 830B - so he immediately burned in the day . So the IEK multimeter is a complete trash.
Anatoly / 09/16/2014 - 05:59
Why, when measuring the input when measuring Ohm, the display shows the value of 1-.5 Ohm. Resistance of wires of input probe is significantly less.
igor / 12/18/2013 - 15:46
thank you all thanks to the councils reanimated your device !!!
vadim Poles / 05.05.2012 - 10:24
and how to use it?
Sergey / 27.02.2012 - 19:11
Thank you. Very good article
Casimir / 01/09/2012 - 10:29
I have R 21 - 900 OM, and R16 burned out, but the first figure 1 is preserved, so I conclude that R16 is 152 or 1.5 kiloma.
alex / 16.10.2011 - 21:14
on sorry probe))))
alex / 16.10.2011 - 21:13
please tell me, in the ring mode, discharged the capacitor to the shirts and now the device only measures the resistance and the transvelbox works, constitutions and the change is not measured, just download numbers. Device type DT92xx
sVEM / 02.10.2011 - 10:28
Tell me pliz, what is the difference between multimeters with the switching on the switch, and the selector. The Chinese make a little different. For rumors the last more accurate. Thanks in advance.
marat / 09/29/2011 - 08:11
?
S.V. Lebedev / 09/03/2011 - 14:32
Thanks to everyone! Replaced R16-transvelca earned !!!

DT 182 Permanent current Range CONTENT 200 MA SAFETY RULES SPECIFICATIONS DESCRIPTION PANEL DIMENSIONS DC measurement Measuring DC measurement DC measurement Diode test and replacement connections Battery replacement Replacing the fuse This compact digital multimeter is designed to measure direct, AC and voltage, resistance, Checks of diodes, sound sounds with high accuracy and simplicity. Lightweight and small in size with a case and hidden in the housing, this tool will serve you for many years. Safety Rules - Always make sure that the functions switch is set in the correct position. - In order to avoid electrical shock, expect caution when measuring high voltages. Always turn off the studied diagram before connecting to the probe. - Before measuring resistance, make sure that all power sources (post. And AC) are turned off. - Never work with an appliance with an open rear lid. Never submit to the input of the device the maximum allowable values \u200b\u200bof the measured values. Characteristics General Measurement Method Double Integraving Mode Display 3.5 Big LCD Display Polarity Automatic Indication Measurement Speed \u200b\u200b2 - 3 times per second Indic. Digital Battery Sign on the left On display Range LOVE. Templetes - 40c, wet. 80%. Sizes 70 x 120 x 18 mm Weight 110 gr. (including battery) Battery 9-12 V, can be used: GP23A or equivalent accessories Battery GP23A, cover, instruction Distant voltage Range 2B 20 V 200 V 500 V Resolving capacity 1 mV 10 mV 0.1V 1B Accuracy (1) 18-28С + 0.5% + 1d *) + 0.8% + 1d *) D - Junior discharge unit Maximum allowable input voltage 500 V. AC voltage range 200 B 500 V Resolving ability Resolution 0.1 in 1B Accuracy (1) 18-28 ° C + 1.2% + 10D + 1.2% + 10D Operating frequency range: 45 - 1000 Hz. The maximum permissible input voltage 500 in Eff. Indication: Indication of the standard variable voltage of the sinusoidal form. 0.1 MA Accuracy (1 Year) 18-28 ° C + 2% + 2D Overload protection: Fuse 200 MA / 250V Resistance Range Resolution 2 to 20 to 200 K 2000 to Accuracy (1) 18-28C 1 10 100 1K +1.0 % + 2D idle voltage: Approximately 0.65 V. Overload protection: 250 V EMF. sh. Current diode test Resolution 1 mV Test current 0.8m Maxim. Voltage disassembly. Contour 3.2 in overload protection: 250 V eff. sh. Current connection compounds Resolution 1 Description Sound signal with resistance. Less than 50 overload protection: 250 V eff. sh. Current Instructions for use Measurement of a constant voltage 1. Install the function switch to the V \u003d 2. Set the limit switch to the desired position. If the value of the measured voltage is not known in advance, set the range switch to the highest limit, and then reduce the limit until the required accuracy is achieved. 3. Connect the probe to the voltage source or the measured load. The indicator will show the voltage and its polarity on the red probe device. 4. When installing the limit switch to the "500 V" position, the "HV" sign appears on the display, resembling a high voltage operation. Care required. Measurement of AC voltage 1. Set the function switch to the V 2. Set the limit switch to the desired position. Measurements can be carried out at the 2V and 20V switch position, but the accuracy is not guaranteed. 3. Connect the probe to the voltage source or the measured load. Consider readings on the display. 4. When installing the limit switch to the "500 V" position, the "HV" sign appears on the display, resembling a high voltage operation. Care required. DC measurement 1. Set the function switch to A. 2. Set the limit switch to the 200 MA position. Reading readings is possible with other limit switch positions, but the decimal point will be shown incorrectly. 3. Open the measured circuit and connect the device's probe sequentially with the load in which the current is measured. 4. Consider the current value and its polarity. Measurement of resistance 1. Set the function switch to the position. 2. Set the limit switch to the desired position. 3. If the measured resistor is in the diagram, turn off the power and discharge all the capacitors before connecting the probe. 4. Connect the probe to the measured resistor and read the resistance value on the display. Diode test and connection dialing 1. Set the function switch to the position. 2. Set the limit switch to the position. Connect the red probe to the anode, and the black probe to the cathode of the diode under study. Consider the display of direct voltage drop on the diode in Milcivolt. When the diode is reversed, only "1" appears on the display. 4. Connect the probe to two points of the circuit, the signal will sound when the chain resist is less than 50 ohms. Battery Replacing 1. When the battery is discharged, a sign appears on the display on the left. 2. Turn off the multimeter before replacing the battery and disconnect the probe from the measured chains. 3. Unscrew the screw on the back cover and open it. Replace the battery, observing polarity. Warning Do not work with the instrument until you close the back cover. Replacing the fuse fuse rarely needs to be replaced and burns almost always as a result of an operator error. To replace the fuse, unscrew the screw on the back cover and open it, as well as when replacing the battery. Replace the fuse similar by type. WARNING 1. Before replacing the fuse, make sure that the range switch is in the "OFF" position and disconnect the probe from the measured chains. 2. To prevent fire to prevent fuses with current / voltage values \u200b\u200bsimilar current / voltage values \u200b\u200binstalled at the fuse factory (200mA / 250V).

Only with a slightly reduced dimensions. The feature of this multimeter is unpleasant is that it is not protected from damage when the voltage is submitted to the input in the resistance measurement mode. Very often, the ADC ICP, made by inapproprous technology. Even with the presence of contact pads, it is extremely difficult to find a suitable analog for replacement. But at the price of DT-182 only 4 dollars, it's easier to throw out the old (pre-pulling 12 V batteries and probe) and buy a new one.

For the repair of such devices, we give the location of radio elements on the board.

The microcircuit maintains the magnitude of the input voltage of 1.5 ... 1.8 V. In chips with an unknown location of the conclusions, the input can be found in the details of the strapping or for the next measurement of the voltage between the overall wire of the device - the probe "Som" - and each of the conclusions of the ISS. In the modes "Measurement of diodes-transk" and "200 ohms" with an unclosed probe, this voltage is 1.10 V, in the 2K modes - "2m" - 130 mV. When the probe of the measured device is closed, the input voltage of the IC becomes zero.

To monitor the supply voltage, it is necessary to remove the wire from the negative pole of the battery to the hidden head bolt on the instrument housing. When you connect to this contact of your own probe "V; OHM" The device at the limit "20 V" on the indicator will appear the value of the battery voltage than 3 in the internal stabilizer, i.e. With the supply voltage of DT182 12 in readings -9 V., a decrease in supply voltage to -7 V is allowed, the instrument readings to -4 V. The parameters of the measured values \u200b\u200band their limits are in the photo below.

The wires from the probe that comes complete with DT-182 are too thin and unreliable, and they are not fixed in the senses themselves, so after a small number of turns of the wire in the probe, it is disappeared. So, such thin wires give a considerable error when measuring the resistance of 10 ohms and less. After purchasing a multimeter, it is recommended to immediately replace the wires to others, with a large cross section, and in the plastic applications themselves, fix it, shifting the PVC insulation, removed from the thin wire, and inserting the wire back to the dipstick.

Other Weak link - Spring Battery contacts. Unlike the usual crown by 9 V, used in full-size DT-830 multimeters, the minidal disk battery 23a is installed here (these are not amperes) on 12 V.

Due to the thin metal sheets of the metal of the contacts - they do not spring well and after multiple items of the battery do not touch the batteries. It remains to replace them with more reliable or in general solder the power wires to the battery. By the way, it was this defect and was in this device that brought me to repair.